1945 Nobel Prize in Literature
- 15 November 1945 (announcement)
- 10 December 1945
(ceremony)
← 1944 · | Nobel Prize in Literature | · 1946 → |
The 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Chilean poet Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) "for her lyric poetry, which inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world."[1][2] She is the fifth female and first Latin American recipient of the literature prize.[3][4]
Laureate
Lucila Godoy Alcayaga borrowed the pseudonym, Gabriela Mistral, from her favorite poets, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Frédéric Mistral. Her poetry is distinguished by intense emotion and straightforward language, having been influenced also by the modernist movement. Affection, deceit, sorrow, nature, travel, and love for children are some of their major themes. Mistral's first prominent poetry collection was Desolación ("Despair"), published in 1922. Ternura ("Tenderness"), published in 1924, contains nursery rhymes and lullabies for children whereas Tala ("Harvesting", 1938) makes use of strange imagery and free verse. She was well-known for writing op-eds for major Chilean newspapers such as El Coquimbo: Diario Radical and La Voz de Elqui. In her country, she became the first female to be awarded the National Prize for Literature.[4][5]
Deliberations
Nominations
Mistral received eight nominations beginning in 1940. For 1945, she was nominated by the newly inducted Swedish Academy member Elin Wägner (1882–1949) by which she was eventually awarded.[6] In total, the Nobel Committee received 23 nominations for 18 writers. Four of the nominees were nominated first-time: Thomas Stearns Eliot (awarded in 1948), Yiorgos Theotokas, Edward Morgan Forster, and Marie Under. There were four female nominees namely Elisaveta Bagryana, Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício, Gabriela Mistral and Marie Under.[7]
The French poet Paul Valéry was nominated for the tenth, eleventh and twelfth time by three members of the Swedish Academy. It is believed that the Academy intended to award Valéry the prize in 1945, but he died in July.[8]
The authors Maurice Baring, Ursula Bethell, Robert Brasillach, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Ernst Cassirer, Mário de Andrade, Margaret Deland, Lucie Delarue-Mardrus, Robert Desnos, Jelena Dimitrijević, Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Maurice Donnay, Alfred Douglas, E. R. Eddison, Ioan Constantin Filitti, Zinaida Gippius, Ellen Glasgow, Josef Hora, Else Lasker-Schüler, Régis Messac, Arthur Morrison, Otto Neurath, Kitaro Nishida, Charles Gilman Norris, Else Lasker-Schüler, Maria Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska, Alexander Roda Roda, Felix Salten, Lurana W. Sheldon, Antal Szerb, Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy, Charles Williams died in 1945 without having been nominated for the prize. The Dutch historian Johan Huizinga and Austrian-Bohemian author Franz Werfel died months before the announcement.
No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Elisaveta Bagryana (1893–1991) | Bulgaria | poetry, translation | Stefan Mladenov (1880–1963)[a] |
2 | Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948) | Soviet Union ( Ukraine) | philosophy, theology | Alf Nyman (1884–1968) |
3 | Edmund Blunden (1896–1974) | United Kingdom | poetry, essays, biography | Heinrich Wolfgang Donner (1904-1980) |
4 | Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício (1884–1947) | Portugal | poetry, essays | António Baião (1878–1961) |
5 | Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) | France | novel, short story, poetry, drama, literary criticism | Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) |
6 | Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888–1965) | United States United Kingdom | poetry, essays, drama | Anders Österling (1884–1981) |
7 | Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) | Norway | novel, short story, essays | Eugenia Kielland (1878–1969) |
8 | Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970) | United Kingdom | novel, short story, drama, essays, biography, literary criticism | Greta Hedin (1889–1949) |
9 | Johan Huizinga (1872–1945) | Netherlands | history |
|
10 | Gabriela Mistral (1889–1957) | Chile | poetry | Elin Wägner (1882–1949) |
11 | Arvid Mörne (1876–1946) | Finland | poetry, drama, novel, essays | Gustav Suits (1883–1956) |
12 | Charles Ferdinand Ramuz (1878–1947) | Switzerland | novel, poetry, short story | Marcel Raymond (1897–1981)[b] |
13 | Jules Romains (1885–1972) | France | poetry, drama, screenplay | Holger Sten (1907–1971) |
14 | John Steinbeck (1902–1968) | United States | novel, short story, screenplay | Gustaf Munthe (1896–1962) |
15 | Yiorgos Theotokas (1906–1966) | Greece | novel, short story, drama, essays | Sigfrid Siwertz (1882–1970) |
16 | Marie Under (1883–1980) | Soviet Union ( Estonia) | poetry | Ants Oras (1900–1982) |
17 | Paul Valéry (1871–1945) | France | poetry, philosophy, essays, drama |
|
18 | Franz Werfel (1890–1945) | Czechoslovakia | novel, short story, drama, poetry |
|
Notes
References
- ^ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1945 nobelprize.org
- ^ Mildred Adams (9 December 1945). "The 1945 Winner of the Nobel Award, Gabriela Mistral". New York Times.
- ^ Allison E. Peers (1946). "Gabriela Mistral: A Tentative Evaluation". Bulletin of Spanish Studies. 23: 101–116. doi:10.1080/14753825012331359810 – via Taylor & Francis Online.
- ^ a b "Gabriela Mistral". Encyclopedia Britannica.
- ^ Gabriela Mistral – Facts nobelprize.org
- ^ Nomination archive – Gabriela (Lucile) Mistral (Godoy y Alcayaga) nobelprize.org
- ^ Nomination archive – 1945 nobelprize.org
- ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature - Nominations and reports 1901-1950". nobelprize.org.
External links
- Presentation Speech by Hjalmar Gullberg nobelprize.org
- v
- t
- e
- 1901: Sully Prudhomme
- 1902: Theodor Mommsen
- 1903: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
- 1904: Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray
- 1905: Henryk Sienkiewicz
- 1906: Giosuè Carducci
- 1907: Rudyard Kipling
- 1908: Rudolf Eucken
- 1909: Selma Lagerlöf
- 1910: Paul Heyse
- 1911: Maurice Maeterlinck
- 1912: Gerhart Hauptmann
- 1913: Rabindranath Tagore
- 1914
- 1915: Romain Rolland
- 1916: Verner von Heidenstam
- 1917: Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan
- 1918
- 1919: Carl Spitteler
- 1920: Knut Hamsun
- 1921: Anatole France
- 1922: Jacinto Benavente
- 1923: W. B. Yeats
- 1924: Władysław Reymont
- 1925: George Bernard Shaw
- 1926: Grazia Deledda
- 1927: Henri Bergson
- 1928: Sigrid Undset
- 1929: Thomas Mann
- 1930: Sinclair Lewis
- 1931: Erik Axel Karlfeldt (posthumously)
- 1932: John Galsworthy
- 1933: Ivan Bunin
- 1934: Luigi Pirandello
- 1935
- 1936: Eugene O'Neill
- 1937: Roger Martin du Gard
- 1938: Pearl S. Buck
- 1939: Frans Eemil Sillanpää
- 1940
- 1941
- 1942
- 1943
- 1944: Johannes V. Jensen
- 1945: Gabriela Mistral
- 1946: Hermann Hesse
- 1947: André Gide
- 1948: T. S. Eliot
- 1949: William Faulkner
- 1950: Bertrand Russell
- 1951: Pär Lagerkvist
- 1952: François Mauriac
- 1953: Winston Churchill
- 1954: Ernest Hemingway
- 1955: Halldór Laxness
- 1956: Juan Ramón Jiménez
- 1957: Albert Camus
- 1958: Boris Pasternak
- 1959: Salvatore Quasimodo
- 1960: Saint-John Perse
- 1961: Ivo Andrić
- 1962: John Steinbeck
- 1963: Giorgos Seferis
- 1964: Jean-Paul Sartre (declined award)
- 1965: Mikhail Sholokhov
- 1966: Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs
- 1967: Miguel Ángel Asturias
- 1968: Yasunari Kawabata
- 1969: Samuel Beckett
- 1970: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
- 1971: Pablo Neruda
- 1972: Heinrich Böll
- 1973: Patrick White
- 1974: Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson
- 1975: Eugenio Montale
- 1976: Saul Bellow
- 1977: Vicente Aleixandre
- 1978: Isaac Bashevis Singer
- 1979: Odysseas Elytis
- 1980: Czesław Miłosz
- 1981: Elias Canetti
- 1982: Gabriel García Márquez
- 1983: William Golding
- 1984: Jaroslav Seifert
- 1985: Claude Simon
- 1986: Wole Soyinka
- 1987: Joseph Brodsky
- 1988: Naguib Mahfouz
- 1989: Camilo José Cela
- 1990: Octavio Paz
- 1991: Nadine Gordimer
- 1992: Derek Walcott
- 1993: Toni Morrison
- 1994: Kenzaburō Ōe
- 1995: Seamus Heaney
- 1996: Wisława Szymborska
- 1997: Dario Fo
- 1998: José Saramago
- 1999: Günter Grass
- 2000: Gao Xingjian
- 2001: V. S. Naipaul
- 2002: Imre Kertész
- 2003: J. M. Coetzee
- 2004: Elfriede Jelinek
- 2005: Harold Pinter
- 2006: Orhan Pamuk
- 2007: Doris Lessing
- 2008: J. M. G. Le Clézio
- 2009: Herta Müller
- 2010: Mario Vargas Llosa
- 2011: Tomas Tranströmer
- 2012: Mo Yan
- 2013: Alice Munro
- 2014: Patrick Modiano
- 2015: Svetlana Alexievich
- 2016: Bob Dylan
- 2017: Kazuo Ishiguro
- 2018: Olga Tokarczuk
- 2019: Peter Handke
- 2020: Louise Glück
- 2021: Abdulrazak Gurnah
- 2022: Annie Ernaux
- 2023: Jon Fosse
- 2024: to be announced