Keratin 4

KRT4

Identifiers

Aliases

KRT4, CK-4, CK4, CYK4, K4, WSN1, Keratin 4

External IDs

OMIM: 123940; MGI: 96701; HomoloGene: 20523; GeneCards: KRT4; OMA:KRT4 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)^[1]

Band	12q13.13	Start	52,806,549 bp^[1]
Band	12q13.13	End	52,814,116 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 15 (mouse)^[2]

Band	15 F2\|15 57.13 cM	Start	101,826,970 bp^[2]
Band	15 F2\|15 57.13 cM	End	101,833,170 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

oral cavity

body of tongue

palpebral conjunctiva

superior surface of tongue

amniotic fluid

gums

vagina

urethra

sperm

bronchial epithelial cell

Top expressed in

superior surface of tongue

esophagus

conjunctival fornix

condyle

molar

fossa

cornea

ciliary body

corneal stroma

stomach

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding structural molecule activity
Cellular component	cell surface intermediate filament cytoskeleton keratin filament intermediate filament nucleus cytosol
Biological process	epithelial cell differentiation cytoskeleton organization negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation keratinization cornification
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


3851


16682

Ensembl


ENSG00000170477


ENSMUSG00000059668

UniProt


P19013


P07744

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_002272


NM_008475

RefSeq (protein)


NP_002263


NP_032501

Location (UCSC)

Chr 12: 52.81 – 52.81 Mb

Chr 15: 101.83 – 101.83 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 4 also known as cytokeratin-4 (CK-4) or keratin-4 (K4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT4 gene.^[5]^[6]

Keratin 4 is a type II cytokeratin. It is specifically found in differentiated layers of the mucosal and esophageal epithelia together with keratin 13. Mutations in the genes encoding this protein have been associated with White Sponge Nevus, characterized by oral, esophageal, and anal leukoplakia.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170477 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000059668 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Barletta C, Batticane N, Ragusa RM, Leube R, Peschle C, Romano V (1990). "Subchromosomal localization of two human cytokeratin genes (KRT4 and KRT15) by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (3–4): 148–50. doi:10.1159/000132979. PMID 1702379.
^ Schweizer J, Bowden PE, Coulombe PA, Langbein L, Lane EB, Magin TM, Maltais L, Omary MB, Parry DA, Rogers MA, Wright MW (July 2006). "New consensus nomenclature for mammalian keratins". J. Cell Biol. 174 (2): 169–74. doi:10.1083/jcb.200603161. PMC 2064177. PMID 16831889.
^ Chao SC, Tsai YM, Yang MH, Lee JY (June 2003). "A novel mutation in the keratin 4 gene causing white sponge naevus". Br. J. Dermatol. 148 (6): 1125–8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05337.x. PMID 12828738. S2CID 26905614.

Leube RE, Bader BL, Bosch FX, et al. (1988). "Molecular characterization and expression of the stratification-related cytokeratins 4 and 15". J. Cell Biol. 106 (4): 1249–61. doi:10.1083/jcb.106.4.1249. PMC 2114990. PMID 2452170.
Samen U, Eikmanns BJ, Reinscheid DJ, Borges F (2007). "The Surface Protein Srr-1 of Streptococcus agalactiae Binds Human Keratin 4 and Promotes Adherence to Epithelial HEp-2 Cells". Infect. Immun. 75 (11): 5405–14. doi:10.1128/IAI.00717-07. PMC 2168289. PMID 17709412.
Barcelos AC, Sotto MN (2009). "Comparative analysis of the expression of cytokeratins (1, 10, 14, 16, 4), involucrin, filaggrin and e-cadherin in plane warts and epidermodysplasia verruciformis plane wart-type lesions". J. Cutan. Pathol. 36 (6): 647–54. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01127.x. PMID 19515043. S2CID 205816580.
Terrinoni A, Candi E, Oddi S, et al. (2000). "A glutamine insertion in the 1A alpha helical domain of the keratin 4 gene in a familial case of white sponge nevus". J. Invest. Dermatol. 114 (2): 388–91. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00890.x. PMID 10652003.
Zhang JM, Yang ZW, Chen RY, et al. (2009). "Two new mutations in the keratin 4 gene causing oral white sponge nevus in Chinese family". Oral Dis. 15 (1): 100–5. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01498.x. PMID 18992023.
Opitz OG, Jenkins TD, Rustgi AK (1998). "Transcriptional regulation of the differentiation-linked human K4 promoter is dependent upon esophageal-specific nuclear factors". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (37): 23912–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.37.23912. PMID 9727005.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Wolfe BA, Takaki T, Petronczki M, Glotzer M (2009). Pellman D (ed.). "Polo-Like Kinase 1 Directs Assembly of the HsCyk-4 RhoGAP/Ect2 RhoGEF Complex to Initiate Cleavage Furrow Formation". PLOS Biol. 7 (5): e1000110. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000110. PMC 2680334. PMID 19468300.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Presland RB, Dale BA (2000). "Epithelial structural proteins of the skin and oral cavity: function in health and disease". Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 11 (4): 383–408. doi:10.1177/10454411000110040101. PMID 11132762.
Mischke D, Wild G (1987). "Polymorphic keratins in human epidermis". J. Invest. Dermatol. 88 (2): 191–7. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12525329. PMID 2433356.
Wanner R, Förster HH, Tilmans I, Mischke D (1993). "Allelic variations of human keratins K4 and K5 provide polymorphic markers within the type II keratin gene cluster on chromosome 12". J. Invest. Dermatol. 100 (6): 735–41. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12475671. PMID 7684424.
Wanner R, Zhang J, Dorbic T, et al. (1997). "The promoter of the HaCaT keratinocyte differentiation-related gene keratin 4 contains a functional AP-2 binding site". Arch. Dermatol. Res. 289 (12): 705–8. doi:10.1007/s004030050265. PMID 9452892. S2CID 7854003.
Sowa ME, Bennett EJ, Gygi SP, Harper JW (2009). "Defining the Human Deubiquitinating Enzyme Interaction Landscape". Cell. 138 (2): 389–403. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.042. PMC 2716422. PMID 19615732.
Burkard ME, Maciejowski J, Rodriguez-Bravo V, et al. (2009). Pellman D (ed.). "Plk1 Self-Organization and Priming Phosphorylation of HsCYK-4 at the Spindle Midzone Regulate the Onset of Division in Human Cells". PLOS Biol. 7 (5): e1000111. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000111. PMC 2680336. PMID 19468302.
Romano V, Bosco P, Rocchi M, et al. (1988). "Chromosomal assignments of human type I and type II cytokeratin genes to different chromosomes". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 48 (3): 148–51. doi:10.1159/000132612. PMID 2466616.

Proteins of the cytoskeleton

Human

Microfilaments
and ABPs

Myofilament

Actins	A1 A2 B C1 G1 G2
Myosins	I MYO1A MYO1B MYO1C MYO1D MYO1E MYO1F MYO1G MYO1H) II MYH1 MYH2 MYH3 MYH4 MYH6 MYH7 MYH7B MYH8 MYH9 MYH10 MYH11 MYH13 MYH14 MYH15 MYH16 III MYO3A MYO3B V MYO5A MYO5B MYO5C VI MYO6 VII MYO7A MYO7B IX MYO9A MYO9B X MYO10 XV MYO15A XVIII MYO18A MYO18B LC MYL1 MYL2 MYL3 MYL4 MYL5 MYL6 MYL6B MYL7 MYL9 MYLIP MYLK MYLK2 MYLL1
Other	Tropomodulin 1 2 3 4 Troponin T 1 2 3 C 1 2 I 1 2 3 Tropomyosin 1 2 3 4 Actinin 1 2 3 4 Arp2/3 complex actin depolymerizing factors Cofilin 1 2 Destrin Gelsolin Profilin 1 2 Titin

Other

Intermediate
filaments

Type 1/2
(Keratin,
Cytokeratin)

Epithelial keratins (soft alpha-keratins)	type I/chromosome 17 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 chromosome 12 18 none 21 type II/chromosome 12 1 2A 3 4 5 6A 6B 6C 7 8
Hair keratins (hard alpha-keratins)	type I/chromosome 17 31 32 33A 33B 34 35 36 37 38 type II/chromosome 12 81 82 83 84 85 86
Ungrouped alpha	chromosome 17 23 24 25 26 27 28 39 40 chromosome 12 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Not alpha	Beta-keratin

Type 3

Type 4

Type 5

Microtubules
and MAPs

Tubulins	TUBA1A TUBA1B TUBA1C TUBA3C TUBA3D TUBA3E TUBA4A TUBA8 TUBB TUBB1 TUBB2A TUBB2B TUBB2C TUBB3 TUBB4 TUBB4Q TUBB6 TUBB8 TUBG1 TUBG2 TUBGCP2 TUBGCP3 TUBGCP4 TUBGCP5 TUBGCP6 TUBD1 TUBE1
MAPs	EB1 EB2 EB3 MAP1A MAP1B MAP2 MAP4
Kinesins	KIF1A KIF1B KIF2A KIF2C KIF3B KIF3C KIF4A KIF4B KIF5A KIF5B KIF5C KIF6 KIF7 KIF9 KIF11 KIF12 KIF13A KIF13B KIF14 KIF15 KIF16B KIF17 KIF18A KIF18B KIF19 KIF20A KIF20B KIF21A KIF21B KIF22 KIF23 KIF24 KIF25 KIF26A KIF26B KIF27 KIFC1 KIFC2 KIFC3
Dyneins	axonemal: DNAH1 DNAH2 DNAH3 DNAH5 DNAH6 DNAH7 DNAH8 DNAH9 DNAH10 DNAH11 DNAH12 DNAH13 DNAH14 DNAH17 DNAI1 DNAI2 DNALI1 DNAL1 DNAL4 cytoplasmic: DYNC1H1 DYNC2H1 DYNC1I1 DYNC1I2 DYNC1LI1 DYNC1LI2 DYNC2LI1 DYNLL1 DYNLL2 DYNLRB1 DYNLRB2 DYNLT1 DYNLT3
Microtubule organising proteins	CAMSAP1 CAMSAP2 CAMSAP3 Centrin 1 Centrin 2 Centrin 3 PCM1
Microtubule severing proteins	Katanin Spastin
Other	Tau protein Dynactin DCTN1 Stathmin Tektin TEKT1 TEKT2 TEKT3 TEKT4 TEKT5 Dynamin DNM1 DNM2 DNM3