Styloglossus

Styloglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue. Left side. (Styloglossus XII visible at center top.)
Coronal section of tongue, showing intrinsic muscles. (Styloglossus labeled at center left.)
Details
Origin	Styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion	Tip and sides of tongue
Artery	Sublingual branch of the lingual artery
Nerve	Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Actions	Retraction and elevation of tongue
Identifiers
Latin	musculus styloglossus
TA98	A05.1.04.105
TA2	2121
FMA	46692
Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

The styloglossus muscle is a bilaterally paired muscle of the tongue. It originates at the styloid process of the temporal bone. It inserts onto the side of the tongue. It acts to elevate and retract the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII).^[1]

Anatomy

The styloglossus muscle is the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles.^{[citation needed]}

Origin

It arises from (the anterior and lateral surfaces of) the styloid process of the temporal bone near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament.^{[citation needed]}

Course and relations

It passes anterioinferiorly from its origin to its insertion between the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery,^{[citation needed]} and between the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle.^[1]

Insertion

It divides upon the side of the tongue near the dorsal surface of the tongue, blending with the fibers of the longitudinalis inferior muscle anterior to the hyoglossus muscle.^{[citation needed]}

Innervation

The styloglossus is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) (like all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve (CN X)).^{[citation needed]}

Function

The styloglossus draws up the sides of the tongue to create a trough for swallowing. Acting bilaterally (both styloglossus muscles contracting simultaneously) they also aid in retracting the tongue.^{[citation needed]}

Additional images

• 
  Left temporal bone. Outer surface.
• 
  Muscles of the neck. Anterior view.
• 
  The internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Right side.
• 
  Course and distribution of the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves.
• 
  Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches.
• 
  Styloglossus muscle
• 
  Styloglossus muscle
• 
  Styloglossus muscle
• 
  Styloglossus muscle

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 1130 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• "Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2015-02-26.